{IELTS Reading Band 5.0} Unit 16 - Short answer | Lỗi sai thường gặp

1. Không chú ý đến số lượng từ/ số tối đa cần điền

Ở đề bài của mỗi bài đọc dạng điền từ này đều đề cập đến giới hạn số lượng từ được phép điền.
Tuy đây là yêu cầu rất rõ ràng và đơn giản nhưng nhiều bạn bỏ qua và mắc lỗi vượt quá số từ cần điền một cách cực kỳ đáng tiếc.

2. Quá chú ý đến ngữ pháp và trả lời bằng câu đầy đủ.

Nhiều bạn quên rằng đây là dạng bào “short answer” – “trả lời ngắn gọn” và giữ thói quen khi làm bài kiểm tra trên trường học – trả lời câu hỏi bằng một câu đầy đủ chủ vị. Tuy nhiên điều này là không cần thiết, bạn chỉ cần trả lời bằng từ/ cụm từ mang thông tin đúng và đảm bảo đáp ứng yêu cầu về số từ được phép.

Ví dụ:

3. Không chú ý đến từ đồng nghĩa/ paraphrase

Bởi thói quen ra đề của IELTS Reading là paraphrase lại những thông tin trong bài đọc để tạo thành câu hỏi, nên nếu bạn không có một vốn từ vựng nhất định, bạn sẽ không thể tìm ra hoặc xác định nhầm đoạn chứa thông tin cần thiết. Điều này rất tốn thời gian ảnh hưởng xấu đến tâm lý.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1:
Reading passage:

Is Everyone Entitled To Paid Holidays?

The Working Time Regulations (WTRs) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays. Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this.

However, workers and employers can agree longer holidays. Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days’ notice. If your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday – for example, five days’ notice not to take a five-day holiday. If the employer wants you to take holiday at a certain time, e.g. when there is a shutdown at the same time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the
length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.

It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer

1. In what year were the regulations extended to cover the majority of the workers who were originally excluded?
2. What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?
3. What can an employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?
4. What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take a holiday at a certain time?
5. Apart from a contract, what type of document may set out an employee’s holiday rights?

Exercise 2:

William Henry Perkin

Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions.

Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made.

Realizing the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his finding was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial potential Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low.

With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

1 Before Perkin’s discovery, who could afford the purple color?
2 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
3 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
4 What was the name of the person Perkin asked for advices before setting up his own dye works?
5 In what country did Perkin’s newly colour first become fashionable?

ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1:
1. 2003/ in 2003
2. 4 weeks/ 4 weeks a year
3. counternotice/ equal counternotice
4. shutdown/ a shutdown/ the shutdown/ annual shutdown/ the annual shutdown
5. collective agreement/ a collective agreement

Exercise 2:
1. (the/only) rich
2. commercial (possibilities)
3. mauve (was/is)

4. (Robert) Pullar
5. (in) France